How does ECMO affect hemodynamics?

The impact of ECMO on hemodynamics is multifaceted, but one of its primary benefits is the reduction of the workload on the heart. ECMO functions as a mechanical circulatory support system, taking over the oxygenation and circulation of blood in patients with severe cardiac and respiratory failure. By doing so, it allows the heart to rest and recover, as the machine can manage the gas exchange and maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs without requiring the heart to exert itself as much.

This reduction in cardiac workload can lead to several beneficial effects, particularly in managing patients with compromised cardiac function. For example, as the heart relies less on its own pumping mechanism to circulate blood, it can focus on recovery and may even have the opportunity to improve in function over time.

While ECMO does assist in improving organ perfusion overall, including potentially enhancing kidney perfusion, this effect is secondary to the primary action of relieving the heart's workload. Additionally, ECMO does not typically lead to significant increases in blood pressure or heart rate; in fact, patients on ECMO often require careful monitoring and management of their hemodynamic status to maintain optimal function without overburdening the cardiovascular system.