How does the patient's body temperature affect ECMO function?

The body's temperature plays a significant role in the functioning of ECMO, particularly concerning coagulation and overall metabolic processes. Hypothermia, or a lowered body temperature, can lead to a reduction in metabolic rates and decrease in coagulation factors' activity, which may actually seem to promote better performance of ECMO in terms of reducing the oxygen demand and metabolic wastes. Conversely, hyperthermia, or elevated body temperature, can increase metabolic rates and alter the coagulation cascade, which often results in a higher risk of bleeding complications due to the hypercoagulable state that may arise.

Both conditions can significantly influence the performance of the ECMO system. While hypothermia can reduce the need for oxygenation and decrease the requirements of the ECMO system itself, hyperthermia can negatively affect both the circuit efficiency and the system's ability to effectively transfer oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. Therefore, both hypothermia and hyperthermia are critical considerations in the management of ECMO patients, as they can impact coagulation status and create challenges in maintaining proper anticoagulation therapy. This understanding highlights the need for careful monitoring and management of body temperature in patients undergoing ECMO therapy.