How is patient blood accessed for ECMO?

Patient blood is accessed for ECMO through the cannulation of the appropriate blood vessels. This method involves inserting cannulas into major blood vessels, typically the femoral vein for drainage and the femoral artery for return, although other vessels such as the internal jugular vein or subclavian artery may also be utilized depending on the specific clinical situation. Cannulation allows for efficient blood flow between the patient and the ECMO circuit, enabling the machine to provide oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide from the blood.

This approach is preferred because it can be performed using minimally invasive techniques or with surgical assistance, allowing for immediate and effective access to the circulatory system. Proper cannulation technique is crucial for ensuring adequate blood flow and minimizing complications such as thrombosis or vascular injury.