What action is required in the event of decannulation?

In the event of decannulation during ECMO, immediate surgical intervention is critical. Decannulation refers to the accidental removal of the cannula used for ventilatory support, which can lead to significant complications including loss of blood flow, hypoxemia, or even cardiac arrest. An urgent response is necessary to ensure that adequate circulation and oxygenation are maintained.

Surgical intervention would typically involve the rapid placement of a new cannula or securing the original access site to restore connections and prevent exsanguination. Given the high risks associated with decannulation, this action prioritizes patient safety and quick restoration of ECMO support.

While monitoring the patient's rhythm, adjusting anticoagulation levels, or repositioning the patient might be relevant actions in other contexts of ECMO management, they do not address the immediate and critical nature of decannulation. Therefore, surgical intervention is the foremost action required in such situations.