What are the common complications of ECMO?

The correct answer highlights the common complications associated with ECMO, which include bleeding, thrombosis, infection, and limb ischemia.

Bleeding can occur due to the anticoagulation required during ECMO therapy to prevent thrombosis in the circuit, which increases the risk of hemorrhage. Thrombosis refers to the formation of blood clots in the ECMO circuit or patient, which can lead to serious complications. Infection is a significant concern as ECMO patients are often critically ill and require invasive monitoring and support, making them more susceptible to nosocomial infections. Limb ischemia can arise from arterial cannulation or inadequate perfusion, potentially resulting in tissue loss if not recognized and managed promptly.

These complications are critical to monitor and manage, given that ECMO patients often have multiple comorbidities and are at high risk due to their underlying conditions. Understanding these risks allows healthcare providers to implement preventive measures and ensure timely interventions when complications arise, thus promoting better patient outcomes.