What are the primary indications for using VV ECMO?

The primary indications for using VV ECMO (veno-venous ECMO) center around severe respiratory failure, particularly cases caused by conditions such as ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) or pneumonia. VV ECMO is specifically designed to provide respiratory support by oxygenating blood outside of the body and returning it to the systemic circulation, thus allowing the lungs to rest and heal.

In scenarios like ARDS or severe pneumonia, patients experience critical impairment in gas exchange due to stiff or fluid-filled lungs, which makes traditional mechanical ventilation insufficient. VV ECMO can help maintain adequate oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide, ultimately providing a lifesaving option while treating the underlying cause of respiratory failure.

Other options refer to conditions more suited to VA ECMO (veno-arterial ECMO), which is indicated for cardiac support rather than respiratory issues. This demonstrates the targeted application of ECMO types based on the underlying physiological needs of the patient.