What describes hemolysis in ECMO therapy?

Hemolysis in ECMO therapy refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, which can occur due to mechanical stress and exposure to shear forces within the ECMO circuit components, such as the pump and oxygenator. The process involves the rupture of red blood cells, releasing hemoglobin into circulation, which can lead to various complications, including decreased oxygen-carrying capacity and potential organ dysfunction due to the accumulation of free hemoglobin.

Understanding hemolysis is crucial for monitoring patients on ECMO, as it may indicate issues such as inadequate circuit design, inappropriate flow rates, or problems with the materials used in the circuit. Monitoring parameters like lactate levels, urine output, and changes in hemoglobin concentration can help assess the extent of hemolysis and prompt corrective measures.

Other options, while related to physiological responses during ECMO, do not accurately define hemolysis. Increased white blood cell count typically indicates infection or inflammation, shunting of blood in the oxygenator pertains to blood flow dynamics and oxygen transfer efficiency, and complete loss of blood pressure indicates a critical condition but does not specifically relate to the process of hemolysis itself.