What role does heparin play in ECMO therapy?

Heparin is a key medication used in ECMO therapy specifically for its anticoagulant properties. When blood is circulated outside the body through the ECMO circuit, it has a high risk of clotting due to the artificial surfaces of the circuit components and the high shear stress of the blood flow. The administration of heparin prevents the formation of clots, thereby ensuring the smooth functioning of the ECMO system and maintaining effective blood flow and oxygenation.

Without adequate anticoagulation, thrombus formation could occlude the ECMO circuit, leading to potentially severe complications, including circuit failure and inadequate blood supply to the patient. Therefore, the role of heparin is critical in maintaining the patency of the ECMO circuit and facilitating the safe and effective use of this life-saving therapy.

The other roles mentioned, such as preventing infection, acting as an anti-inflammatory agent, or enhancing oxygen delivery, do not align with the primary function of heparin in the context of ECMO therapy. Specifically, heparin does not target infection nor explicitly reduce inflammation, and it does not directly enhance oxygen delivery; rather, it ensures that the ECMO system operates effectively to deliver oxygenated blood to the patient.