Which of the following can be a complication of ECMO therapy?

In the context of ECMO therapy, complications can arise due to the nature of the procedure and the involvement of invasive devices, such as catheters. The correct answer highlights infections associated with catheter use as a significant risk. When a catheter is inserted into a patient's body, it can serve as a direct pathway for pathogens to enter the sterile environment of the bloodstream, potentially leading to serious infections like catheter-related bloodstream infections.

ECMO necessitates the use of large bore cannulas for blood drainage and reinfusion, which increases the likelihood of infection due to prolonged indwelling and vascular access. Such infections can complicate the patient's underlying condition and further necessitate medical intervention. Recognizing this as a potential complication underscores the importance of strict aseptic techniques and monitoring to prevent these infections during ECMO therapy.

In contrast, options like increased circulation efficiency, improved respiratory function, and decreased need for blood transfusions might describe potential benefits or outcomes of successful ECMO support rather than complications. These positive aspects highlight the therapeutic goals of ECMO, which include enhancing oxygenation and ventilation, as well as improving overall hemodynamic status.